John Milton s Paradise Lost - 985 Words

John Milton’s Paradise Lost is a paradox of morality and character definitions. After reading multiple articles, the largest concerning topic was the hero status of an inherently evil character. The issue lies within defining what a hero is and is not in terms of epic poetry. John Milton’s refusal to clarify a hero shows this paradox he has created is a something that he meant to achieve. According to Mary Nyquist in The Father s Word/Satan s Wrath, â€Å"The text seems here not just to invite, but to provoke interpretation, the dictatorial arbitrariness of the utterance being noticeably amplified by the blank silence of Paradise Lost on its meaning†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (191). Satan s fatal flaws, ever present inner struggles, his determination to wage war against an adversary, and the general defining characteristics at the time are supporting evidence for claiming Satan to be the hero. The issue of defining a hero stems from the different educated branches studying the work. A Christian Theologian’s definition will be the opposite of Satan’s character. That being said the working definition of an epic hero for this paper will be the seven most common traits found among claimed epic heroes. The first is noble birth, followed by capable of deeds of great strength and courage, great warrior, travels over a vast setting, national heroism, a perceived fall from grace, and faces supernatural and internal struggles. Not all of these requirements must be met, but most would agree that a majority canShow MoreRelatedJohn Milton s Paradise Lost1636 Words   |  7 Pagessense to the readers, but would also influence how the readers understood those topics. John Milton’s, Paradise Lost, is a series of twelve Books that tell the story of creation and the world’s first sin, and he relates that to the political distress that was occurring in the sevent eenth century and his political agenda in trying to advocate a Parliamentary system versus a monarchy. Throughout his novel, Milton focuses a great deal of time creating a backstory for Satan, who is the protagonist. AdamRead MoreJohn Milton s Paradise Lost1738 Words   |  7 PagesJohn Milton sought to a very ambitious thing with his greatest work, Paradise Lost. He boldly asserted himself to the epic tradition, the most difficult genre. Further, the goal of his writing was perhaps the hardest topic a human being can engage with, the problem of evil. At the risk of being cliche, the old adage, â€Å"If you lose your faith over anything less than the problem of evil, you are simply not thinking.† seems fitting. Milton seems at least, whatever his faults, to understand the weightRead MoreAnalysis Of John Milton s Paradise Lost1442 Words   |  6 Pages(Name) (Instructor) (Course) (Date) Heroism in John Milton’s Paradise Lost There are many definitions of a hero, and establishing the hero in John Milton’s Paradise Lost has been object to scholarly debate. One definition of a hero is that by Aristotle, who defined a hero as a person who is divine and superhuman. However, other definitions encompass the aspect of virtue in heroism. Despite all the definitions for a hero, it remains factual that a hero would be someone that the readers would delightRead MoreAnalysis Of John Milton s Paradise Lost 1071 Words   |  5 Pages Writing AP Exam Essays Advanced Placement English Literature Composition Name Juan Linares Major Work Data Page Paradise Lost Writer/Nationality John Milton/ UK 1608-1674 Theme/Meanings of the work as a whole Disobedience plays a key role in the unfolding of Milton’s poem. Satan disobeys God because God gave him free will, and causes Eve to disobey Adam, to disobey God. Justification of God. Death must happen to the world but because of the Son, DeathRead MoreAnalysis Of John Milton s Paradise Lost 1852 Words   |  8 Pagesnot merely summarize the plot. (2010 AP Literature and Composition) Disobedience and Exile an Analysis of Satan from Milton’s Paradise Lost John Milton’s epic poem, Paradise Lost, has been the subject of criticism and interpretation through many years; these interpretations concur in that Adam and Eve are the sufferers of the poem, and it is their blight to lose Paradise because of their disobedience; however, their exile is merely a plight brought by Satan, and it is he who suffers exile beforeRead MoreJohn Milton s Paradise Lost 1328 Words   |  6 PagesRobert Mezian Professor Mylander English 589 14 November 2016 Paradise Lost Essay In his epic poem titled Paradise Lost, John Milton describes his work as a process to justify â€Å"the ways of God to men†. In terms of the personal and individual, Milton’s main concern was between a man’s relationship and God. With this, comes the very idea of free will itself. One can define free will as the ability and freedom to choose between different possible courses of action. Not only is free will portrayed inRead MoreJohn Milton s Paradise Lost1528 Words   |  7 Pagesfree world. God judges no one and forgives all for his or her sins. God is an honest being. The last statement might not be the case in John Milton’s Paradise Lost. The fall of Adam and Eve is truly a tragic tale. Some suggest that their fall could have been prevented. However, after close examination, one can believe that it might not be that simple in Paradise Lost. God displays some questionable actions in the process that eventually leads to the fall. While not the popular opinion to some, God isRead MoreJohn Milton s Paradise Lost921 Words   |  4 PagesJohn Milton’s Paradise Lost continues the epic tradition developed by the ancient Greek and Roman poets. Composed in exact imitation of its predecessors, the work depicts all characteristics of a traditional epic poem—including the epic hero, a powerful embodiment of societal values. Milton presents his hero in a most unpredictable form: Satan. Despite the unorthodox oddity, the former archangel exhibits the conventions of an epic hero. Milton’s forced perception of Satan as the hero of the poemRead MoreJohn Milton s Paradise Lost1686 Words   |  7 Pagesand bled into the writing it produced. John Milton’s Paradise Lost is no exception to this, as it explores human sexuality and gender roles. It has been argued that when Adam and Eve are described as â€Å"Two of far nobler shape erect and tall,/ Godlike erect† (4.288-289) there is no distinction between the two , and that they are being portrayed, even by Satan, as equal. This is the reader’s first introduction to Eve who, based on these two lines from Paradise Lost, is Adam’s equivalent in power and inRead MoreJohn Milton s Paradise Lost1212 Words   |  5 PagesIn the epic, Paradise Lost, John Milton’s, characters dramatically establish theme. Milton tells the story of Adam and Eve, as well as the story of Satan’s rebellion against God. Milton emphasizes the major theme of â€Å"Man’s disobedience† through his representation of Adam and Eve and also partly through the interactions between Satan and God. Man’s disobedience in â€Å"Paradise Lost,† is defined by Sin. The word Sin is defined as the act of going against the law of God. In the epic, Adam, Eve, Satan

Students Should Wear Uniforms Debate Essay - 910 Words

For years, there have been hundreds of debates about whether students should wear uniforms or not. Many schools agreed with the idea and have already required school uniforms, while others are still considering it. Some say that school uniforms represent discipline and instill school pride, but others think that it is not creativity and comfortable. Despite that there are still arguments about it; school uniforms have increasingly demonstrated their importance and influence in many ways. Students should have to wear uniforms because it will help students to perform better at school, give students a sense of discipline, lower the cost for parents, and decrease the rate of crime. Students who do not want to wear uniforms will give many†¦show more content†¦While wearing uniforms, students have to obey and follow the rules, so they will learn how to respect others. An article reports â€Å"Teachers and principals often report that discipline problems are reduces in schools tha t implements a standardized dress program.† (School Uniforms). In addition, wearing school uniforms is a step of preparation for professional life. When you have a job, you will have to wear uniforms. Whether you are a doctor or a nurse, you are in the same position. School uniforms also help students to realize that they are a part of a group, so they feel liked they belong and learn to take responsibility for whatever they do. Next, school uniforms will encourage the learning environment. If school does not require uniforms, it will take more time for students to decide what to wear for the next day. They will have to think so much about clothing, shoes, or hair. Therefore, they cannot use that valuable time to concentrate more on their studies and others activities. Uniforms remind them that they are still students and the biggest goal is to learn. This will motivate them to try their best to achieve the goal. When I was in Vietnam, all students were required to wear unifor ms, and students were fine with it. They did not find any inconvenience or think that it prevented them from expressing themselves, because they understood that it would benefit them in different ways. In theShow MoreRelatedSchool Uniforms Have the Potential to Resolve Student Stress760 Words   |  3 Pageshigh school students are faced with the daily challenge of figuring out what they will wear to school the following day. As simple as this may sound, it does produce a lot of anxiety and stress among teenagers. Some students stress over the fact that they have a limited wardrobe, while others worry about being judged by their peers for their fashion choices. The problem of students having too much stress has the potential of becoming a serious health problem among high school students. It is understoodRead MoreSchool Uniforms Should Be Banned902 Words   |  4 PagesSchool uniforms Whether you re for them or against them, this hot debate refuses to go away. It s a great idea fo r school to have uniform because with uniform student can get the benefit of school. This can also bring out the positive impact of school dress code. Uniform is required because it bring out promotion for school safety. But there are others that don t think school you uniforms is required in public schools. Because of anti- individual s of freedom. Adding to that wearing school uniformRead MoreThe Implementation Of School Uniforms1243 Words   |  5 Pagesimplementation of school uniforms. In the United States, school uniforms have become more and more widespread. Although, some schools disagree with the requirement of a school uniform and decide to require a school dress code instead. The pros and cons of a school uniform are very controversial. Deciding whether a school uniform should be implemented is not a black and white issue. Arguments to support school uniforms state that school uniforms create an altogether better environment for students. This betterRead MoreShould School Uniforms be Mandatory? Essay1090 Words   |  5 PagesMany debates form over the opinion of whether schools should require students to wear uniforms. Some schools go through the same argument annually of whether to enforce school uniforms the following school year. A number of people argue that uniforms take away from the students’ individuality, while other people concur that uniforms generate unity within the school. Even though many people disagree with school uniforms, countless reasons are evident that uniforms should be mandatory. School uniformsRead MoreShould Schools Uniforms be Manadatory? Essay1090 Words   |  5 Pagessocial benefit school uniforms are responsible for is providing Many debates form over the opinion of whether schools should require students to wear uniforms. Some schools go through the same argument annually of whether to enforce school uniforms the following school year. A number of people argue that uniforms take away from the students’ individuality, while other people concur that uniforms generate unity within the school. Even though many people disagree with school uniforms, countless reasonsRead MoreUniforms Or No Uniforms?1496 Words   |  6 PagesUniforms or No Uniforms? Aurene Carey Lisa Clark English 122 One of the students’ issues they face in this society, is school uniforms and what they should and should not wear. Do you think that they should be allowed to wear street clothes or wear the school uniforms that the school provides? There some various point of views that are presented, plus there is a definition of what a school uniform is just in case some people don’t know. A school uniform is basically a shirt (school choice) whichRead MorePros And Cons Of School Uniforms1206 Words   |  5 Pages School uniforms have been around for a long time in k-12th grades along with even some colleges, while most private schools have uniforms, now some public schools are trending toward uniforms as well. There are two sides to this argument, with pros and cons to both. I have interviewed Dale Patnode, Kelly Patnode and Patricia Patnode, they bring a first hand experience with what uniform show and what they do for students. Dale Patnode went to catholic schools throughout his whole life, experiencingRead MorePersuasive Essay On School Uniforms1671 Words   |  7 Pages Hari Mainali South University School Uniform â€Æ' Abstract Freedom of dress is violated by restricting on school uniform. A school and university have their own dress code which does not require a particular dress. Some researcher and scholar suggest misbehavior in the student are the result of banning uniform. But misbehavior is what they acquired in their life. Banning uniform, student can exercise their right to express themselves freely. Student will be able to focus on education and saveRead MoreShould School Uniforms Be Banned?983 Words   |  4 PagesShould Students Wear Uniforms One of the biggest debates is about the effectiveness or the use of uniforms in public schools. Should students in public schools have to wear school uniforms? For the past few years now; parents, students and schools have had a clash over the issue surrounding the school attire. Researchers are divided over the impact that wearing school uniforms have on the students, if any, and how it does affect their learning. Some view school uniforms as unfair while others viewRead MoreShould School Uniforms Be Mandatory?1561 Words   |  7 Pages Casondra Garrison Whetstine Eng. 207 Persuasive Essay 11/02/2015 Students in Secondary Schools should be Required to Wear Uniforms No matter what you dress students in, they will always find a way to pass judgement upon their peers, but it how to get children to realize it’s whats on the inside that matters not the outside. Yes, I believe it starts with the parents, but also it’s schools that need to teach the children as well. It s not based upon the style of clothes worn there are many other

Marijuana10 Essay Example For Students

Marijuana10 Essay In Amusing Ourselves to Death, Neil Postman alerts us to the dangers brought about by the way television conditions us to tolerate the brevity of visual entertainment. His message is that with each new technological medium introduced, there is a significant trade-off. His primary example was the medium of television. TV is structured to provide information to the viewer on a platform which is both quick and entertaining. This discourages any viewer subjectivity, allowing television to shape and dictate politics, education, religion, and journalism the essence of our discourse. Except for a few pages of enlightenment, the entire book was a conglomerated resource of evidence to support his hypothesis. Important facts underlined generalizations to present logical and agreeable viewpoints.(e.g. Television is our cultures principle mode of knowing about itself. Therefore how television stages the world becomes the model for how the world is properly to be staged( Postman 92) In other word s, how life is depicted on television is how we expect life to be.) And in most cases some truth could be found in Postmans statements (e.g. For no medium is excessively dangerous if its users understand what its dangers are.) (Postman161) Postmans final critical point was not merely enlightenment, but was a message to his reader and a solution aimed at educators: the point I am trying to make is that only through a deep and unfailing awareness of the structure and effects of information, through a Bibbs 2 demystification of media, is there any hope of our gaining some measure of control over television , or the computer, or any other medium. (Postman 161) I agree. Until we begin to question the content, origin, and purpose of what is expressed through television, only then can we truly understand and control the medium known as TV. More specifically my report will stress the merit of chapters six through eleven. The Age of Show Business is essential to the development of Postmans p rimary example of how the structure of television influences American culture. The problem is not that Tv presents us with entertaining subject matter but that all subject matter is presented as entertaining (Postman 87) Plainly stated, American television is devoted entirely to supplying its audience with entertainment. Television has made a profound impact on the American society. Postman claims that due to the influence of television as a medium, Americans no longer talk to each other, they entertain each other. In chapter six of Amusing Ourselves to Death , Neil Postman goes on to point out that because of television we do not exchange ideas; we exchange images. I found this to be a valid hypothesis when considering if and how television had been an influence on my styles of learning. While performing an in-class questionnaire, I discovered that the exercise both identified and defined several characteristics of what seemed to be a trend set in my learning pattern. Of the five c ategories mentioned in Kathleen McWhorters Study Critical Thinking Skills in College, collectively they revealed that I was a social, visual, and pragmatic but not opposed to creative learner. Bibbs 3 McWhorter defined a social learner as one who prefers to work closely with others and enjoys personal interaction; which explains my active classroom participation. Visual learners process information more effectively by seeing it in print, film, or through other visual mediums. Finally, pragmatic learners are practical, logical, and systematic and are comfortable following rules. (McWhorter 113) In all cases I can see where I fit the diagnosis. With this information it was evident that television had played a role in the development of my learning style. To make the connection, I will attempt to use a childrens television show. Sesame Street was my favorite show to watch on television; as a child my choices were limited! At that early age, Sesame Street was in a way programming me to become both a social and visual learner, or so I thought. Through the association of puppets with real people they provided a pseudo-learning environment that encouraged kids to sing-along the alphabet and attempt to solve arithmetic problems by counting sheep or how many cookies the cookie monster ate. This not only promoted a group atmosphere, but also displayed the learning that was taking place on screen, or did it? Although the show did try to instill into children a set of everyday values, (such as do onto others as you would have them do onto you) I don ‘t believe that the show alone (or those like it ) could ever replace the classroom setting. Under closer discretion I realized that the classroom provides a place of social interaction which is essential to the healthy development of children. The viewing of television is more or less a private, secluded act. In class, children can ponder the essence of questions asked by their teachers either amongst themselves or wit h their teacher. This is very important in the development of linguistics, the Bibbs 4 basis of higher elementary education, whereas television merely demands attention to images. Looking more deeply into the subject, I started to wonder if my learning styles would account for my exceptional aptitude and intellectual level being poorly portrayed through my high school transcripts. High school is largely conducted on an independent and auditory scale resulting with instructors hoping to find in their students some aspect of creativity. In my eyes, that concept is totally paradoxical. If educators encourage the institution of such educational programs which supplement long listening activities with quick editing, up-beat tunes, and fun images, when do they expect the student to adapt to lectures and critical analyzing ? Although I found a side of truth in my questioning, it was still no excuse; it didnt apply to me! Frankly I find myself surprised to say that I probably would have fai red about the same without the influence of television in my life. The printing press would have served as well as television in the aspect of becoming a visual learner. From just reading alone, I would assume to be a more logical thinker, causing my pragmatics to increase. And as far as being a social learner- well Ive always been a social person. In conclusion, I dont agree with Mr. Postman in the belief that our public discourse through the medium of television, is making us less social in the sense of conversation and epistemology. I feel that it is the way of 20th century man to communicate through his most for lack of a better term effective medium of communication as was that of our predecessors to communicate through theirs (i.e. print or debate). We are only following suit or maybe the natural course of man to be entertained by our discourse McWhorter, Kathleen. Study Skills and Crtical Thinking for College Students Postman, Neil. Amusing Ourselves to Death Bibliography: .u9341524843b86d0f4772556fc676eabe , .u9341524843b86d0f4772556fc676eabe .postImageUrl , .u9341524843b86d0f4772556fc676eabe .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u9341524843b86d0f4772556fc676eabe , .u9341524843b86d0f4772556fc676eabe:hover , .u9341524843b86d0f4772556fc676eabe:visited , .u9341524843b86d0f4772556fc676eabe:active { border:0!important; } .u9341524843b86d0f4772556fc676eabe .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u9341524843b86d0f4772556fc676eabe { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u9341524843b86d0f4772556fc676eabe:active , .u9341524843b86d0f4772556fc676eabe:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u9341524843b86d0f4772556fc676eabe .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u9341524843b86d0f4772556fc676eabe .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u9341524843b86d0f4772556fc676eabe .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u9341524843b86d0f4772556fc676eabe .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u9341524843b86d0f4772556fc676eabe:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u9341524843b86d0f4772556fc676eabe .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u9341524843b86d0f4772556fc676eabe .u9341524843b86d0f4772556fc676eabe-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u9341524843b86d0f4772556fc676eabe:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: COMPASSION Essay

Mozarts Concerto for Violin Orchestra No. 3 free essay sample

Analysis of Movement I Allegro of Mozarts Concerto for Violin Orchestra No. 3 in G Major, K. 216. This paper analyzes Mozarts Concerto for Violin Orchestra No. 3 in G Major, K. 216, Movement I Allegro. By using time codes to help the reader identify major changes in tempo, soloists and recapitulation, one can listen along to the movement and have a better understanding of Mozarts genius when writing his concertos. `Mozarts Concerto No. 3 is in three movements. It was written in 1775 and the main theme played by the orchestra at the beginning of the first movement (Allegro) was borrowed from his Il re pastore (The Shepherd King) (Lieberman, par. 2). The movement is set in the conventional sonata form with orchestral ritornellos alternating with the exposition, development, and recapitulation of the primary themes by the violin. The soloist gives a second exposition and the coda does not come until after an extended solo cadenza. We will write a custom essay sample on Mozarts Concerto for Violin Orchestra No. 3 or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page `

The Circulatory System Essay Example

The Circulatory System Essay Example The Circulatory System Paper The Circulatory System Paper General Functions   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The circulatory system is the body’s main transport network and cooling system (De Graff, 1998). The human body needs many external substances to survive. We need air, food, and water. However, these substances are not readily absorbed by the body through initial intake. For example, food that is eaten and digested is not yet used to fuel the body’s billions of cells. The nutrients that have been processed need to be transported to each cell in the body in order for them to be used. This is one of the jobs of the circulatory system. The circulatory system is tasked with carrying the important substances that the body needs where they are needed (Hillendale Health, 2007). Furthermore, the system is also responsible for carrying some of the wastes from the cells such as carbon dioxide, away from the cells to be expelled by the body (Delos Johnson, 2006). This cycle of carrying nutrients to body cells and carrying wastes from th em is a way by which the system contributes to the maintenance of physiological homeostasis. Another way that it contributes to homeostasis is by helping maintain the temperature of the body. Without oxygen to burn, the cells in the body will become cold and eventually die (Delos Johnson, 2006). Thus, oxygenated blood carries oxygen to the cells and releases it in order to maintain homeostatic temperature. Last but not the least, the circulatory system also maintains homeostasis by fighting off outside threats that have infiltrated the body. White blood cells which also travel through the system fight back diseases and help keep the body healthy and they need the circulatory system for them to be able to reach the places in the body where particular bacteria are doing damage (Delos Johnson, 2007). Interactions with other organ systems   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   When we eat food or drink water, it enters our body through our digestive system and is processed in the stomach. Afterwards, the processed food is transported through the small intestines where it is further digested. The small intestine’s inner walls are covered with microscopic finger-like projections called villi which are primarily responsible for taking the nutrients from the digested food and transferring them to the bloodstream where they are carried to the rest of the body (Maton et. al., 1993). Thus, the digestive system and the circulatory system work closely together to nourish the body with food and drink. The circulatory system also works closely with the respiratory system. We take in air through our nose and from there it travels to our lungs. From there, pulmonary arteries which are a part of the circulatory system carries oxygen-depleted blood to absorb more oxygen while releasing the carbon dioxide that it has accumulated from the cells that it delivered nutrients to (Maton et. al., 1993). Of course, the circulatory system takes blood containing nutrients and oxygen to other organ systems of the body in order to enable them to continue functioning. The blood carries nutrients to our muscles, our sensory organs, our brain, and all other parts of our body that need it (Maton, 2003). Parts and functions The Heart   It is a powerful muscle that pumps the blood through the entire circulatory system (Hillendale Health, 2007). The Blood It is the main substance that flows throughout the circulatory system. There are red blood cells and white blood cells that both travel through the circulatory system (Hillendale Health, 2007). Plasma which is the liquid part of the blood carries both these blood cells through the system (Hillendale Health, 2007). The red blood cells carry nutrients from the small intestine and oxygen from the lungs to the cells all over the body (Hillendale Health, 2007). They are also the ones that carry carbon dioxide away from body cells and back to the lungs to be released as waste (Hillendale Health, 2007). The white blood cells travel to areas where harmful germs are infecting body cells and fight those foreign elements to keep the body healthy (Hillendale Health, 2007). There are also platelets found in the bloodstream which acts to help stop bleeding whenever the body gets wounded (Hillendale Health, 2007). For example, whenever we cut ourselves on some sharp object and bleed, the platelets stick to where we cut ourselves and attract more platelets to do the same. This plugs out the wound so that the bleeding stops. The Blood Vessels The blood vessels are the tubes where the blood passes through. There are three types of blood vessels which are arteries, veins, and capillaries (Hillendale Health, 2007). The arteries are blood vessels that carrying oxygenated blood away from the heart while veins carry blood back to the heart (Hillendale Health, 2007). Capillaries are very tiny blood vessels that serve as connections between arteries and veins (Hillendale Health, 2007). The Heart: A closer look   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The human heart is found in the middle of the thorax with its largest part slightly situated to the left just beneath the breastbone (Maton et. al., 1993). It is a mesh of muscle cells that are joined together by contiguous cytoplasmic bridges (Maton et. al., 1993). Tissues found on the heart’s walls are unique because they have qualities both of smooth muscle tissues and skeletal muscle tissues. The heart is covered by a protective sac called the pericardium (Maton et. al., 1993). The pericardium itself is composed of two parts. The fibrous pericardium is made of dense fibrous connective tissue that serves as the heart’s outer protection while the serous pericardium contains fluid that eases friction generated by heart contractions thus protecting the heart from friction caused by its own beating (Maton et. al., 1993). The right atrium is situated on the right side of the heart where the veins carrying deoxygenated blood are found. This is so that the right atrium can collect the deoxygenated blood and pass it through the heart which pumps it by the right ventricle to the lungs to be oxygenated once more (Maton et. al., 1993). After the blood is oxygenated by the lungs, it goes back to the heart through the left atrium and is pumped by the heart through the left ventricle to the rest of the body. It should be noted that the muscle wall that surrounds the left ventricle is thicker than the wall surrounding the right ventricle. This is because it is harder to pump blood to the rest of the body than to just pump it to the lungs and back (Maton et. al., 1993). Hence, thicker muscle means that the left ventricle is more powerful in pumping blood than the right ventricle. Hypertensive heart disease   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This diseases pertains to complications caused by arterial hypertension that affects the heart (eMedicine, 2007). Arterial hypertension which is more commonly known as high blood pressure is a condition wherein the pressure of the blood being pumped through the circulatory system is steadily increasing (eMedicine, 2007). This happens due to a variety of factors. Excessive intake of fat can clog up arteries and thus make it more difficult for blood to pass through. Thus, this makes the pressure of blood passing through the arteries increase. Because of the heightened pressure, the arterial walls are subjected to greater strain (Lip et. al., 2000). This can be imagined by visualizing a hose whose channel has been partially blocked. Fluid passing through that hose exerts more pressure on the hose walls and threatens to rupture the hose. In the same way, too much clogging in the arteries can cause pressure to build so much that it could ruptur e the arteries. Once this condition is elevated to dangerous levels, the heart gets affected by the imbalance in the pressure and hypertensive heart disease is developed (Lip et. al., 2000). The disease causes the heart to be strained more and more and may eventually cause it to breakdown and fail. The pressure can also burst blood vessels which can also damage the system. People suffering from this disease are easily fatigued due to the excessive work that the heart is coping with from the increased blood pressure (eMedicine, 2007). They would also have an irregular pulse, have difficulty sleeping, and feel a greater need to urinate at night (eMedicine 2007). If not treated with appropriate medicine, proper exercise and a good diet, hypertensive heart disease can lead death and is in fact one of the leading causes of death in the country (eMedicine, 2007). References De Graaff, V. (1998). Human Anatomy, 5th edition. WCB McGraw-Hill. Delos Johnson, D. (2006). The Circulatory System. Retrieved May 22, 2008 from: globalclassroom.org/hemo.html eMedicine. (2007). Hypertensive Heart Disease. Retrieved May 22, 2008 from: emedicine.com/med/topic3432.htm Hillendale Health. (2007). Circulatory System. Retrieved May 22, 2008 from: http://hes.ucfsd.org/gclaypo/circulatorysys.html Lip, G., Felmeden, D., Li-Saw-Hee, F., and Beevers, D. (2000). â€Å"Hypertensive heart disease. A complex syndrome or a hypertensive cardiomyopathy?† European Heart Journal. no. 21 p. 1653–1665. Hopkins, J., McLaughlin, C., Johnson, S., Warner, M., LaHart, D., and Wright, J. (1993). Human Biology and Health. New Jersey: Prentice Hall.

King George III Biography

King George III Biography George III was King of Great Britain and King of Ireland during the American Revolution. Much of his reign, which lasted from 1760 to 1820, was colored by his ongoing problems with mental illness. During the last decade of his life, he was incapacitated to the degree that his eldest son ruled as Prince Regent, giving name to the Regency Era. Fast Facts: King George III Full Name:  George William FrederickKnown For:  King of Great Britain and Ireland during the American Revolution, suffered from acute and debilitating bouts of mental illnessBorn:  June 4, 1738 in London, EnglandDied:  January 29, 1820 in London, EnglandSpouses Name: Sophia Charlotte of Mecklenburg-StrelitzChildren: 15 Early Years Born June 4, 1738, George William Frederick was the grandson of Great Britain’s King George II. His father, Frederick, the Prince of Wales, though estranged from the king, was still the heir apparent to the throne. George’s mother, Princess Augusta of Saxe-Goethe, was the daughter of a Hanoverian duke. Although sickly as a child- George was born two months prematurely- he soon grew stronger, and he and his younger brother Prince Edward moved with their parents to the family home in London’s exclusive Leicester Square. The boys were educated by private tutors, as was common for the children of royalty. Young George was precocious, and he could read and write several languages fluently, as well as discuss politics, science, and history, by the time he was an adolescent. Heritage Images / Getty Images In 1751, when George was thirteen, his father, the Prince of Wales, died unexpectedly, following a pulmonary embolism. Suddenly, George became the Duke of Edinburgh and the heir apparent to the British crown; within three weeks, his grandfather made him Prince of Wales. In 1760, George II passed away at the age of seventy, leaving 22-year-old George III to take the throne. Once he became king, he soon realized it was vital for him to find a suitable wife to bear his sons; the very future of the empire depended on it. Seventeen-year-old Sophia Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz was the daughter of a duke, privately educated, and had no scandals attached to her name, making her the perfect bride for a king. George and Charlotte did not even meet until their wedding day in 1761. By all reports, the two of them had a mutually respectful marriage; there was no infidelity on either of their parts, and they had fifteen children together. Charlotte and George were avid patrons of the arts, and were especially interested in German music and composers like Handel, Bach, and Mozart. During the first few years of Georges reign, the British Empire was financially shaky, due in part to the aftershocks of the Seven Years War (1756 to 1763). The British colonies were generating little revenue, so strict tax laws and regulations were enacted to bring extra money to the crown coffers. DEA / G. NIMATALLAH / Getty Images Revolution in the Colonies After decades of no representation in Parliament, and resentful of the extra tax burdens, the colonies in North America rebelled. Americas founding fathers famously detailed the transgressions perpetrated against them by the King in the Declaration of Independence: The history of the present King of Great Britain is a history of repeated injuries and usurpations, all having in direct object the establishment of an absolute Tyranny over these States.   After a series of setbacks in North America, Georges advisor Lord North, then the Prime Minister, suggested the king take a break from trying to handle the dissent in the colonies. North proposed that Lord Chatham, William Pitt the Elder, step in and take power of oversight. George refused the idea, and North resigned following General Cornwallis defeat at Yorktown. Eventually, George accepted that his armies had been defeated by the colonists, and authorized peace negotiations. Bettmann Archive / Getty Images Mental Illness and the Regency Wealth and status could not protect the king from suffering extreme bouts of mental illness- some so severe that he was incapacitated and unable to make decisions for his realm. George’s mental health issues were well-documented by his equerry, Robert Fulke Greville, and Buckingham Palace. In fact, he was heavily monitored by staff at all times, even while he slept. In 2018, the records were made public for the first time. In 1788, Dr Francis Willis wrote: â€Å"H.M became so ungovernable that recourse was had to the strait waistcoat: His legs were tied, he was secured down across his Breast, in this melancholy situation he was, when I came to make my morning Enquiries.† Scientists and historians have debated for over two centuries about the cause of the famous â€Å"madness.† One 1960s study indicated a link to the hereditary blood disorder porphyria. People suffering from porphyria experience acute anxiety, confusion, and paranoia. However, a 2010 study published in the Journal of Psychiatry concluded that George probably didn’t have porphyria at all. Led by Peter Garrard, professor of neurology at St. George’s University of London, researchers did a linguistic study of George’s correspondences, and determined that he suffered from â€Å"acute mania.† Many of the characteristics of George’s letters during his periods of illness are also seen in the writings and speech of patients today who are in the midst of the manic phase of illnesses like bipolar disorder. Typical symptoms of a manic state are compatible with contemporary accounts of George’s behavior. It is believed that Georges first bout of mental illness surfaced around 1765. He spoke endlessly, often for hours, and sometimes without an audience, causing himself to foam at the mouth and lose his voice. He rarely slept. He shouted unintelligibly at advisors who spoke to him, and wrote lengthy letters to anyone and everyone, with some sentences being hundreds of words long. With the king unable to function effectively, his mother Augusta and  Prime Minister Lord Bute  somehow managed to keep Queen Charlotte unaware of what was happening. In addition, they conspired to keep her ignorant of the Regency Bill, which decreed that in the event of George’s full incapacity, Charlotte herself would then be appointed Regent. Some twenty years later, after the Revolution had ended, George had a relapse. Charlotte was, by now, aware of the existence of the Regency Bill; however, her son, the Prince of Wales, had designs of his own on the Regency. When George recovered in 1789, Charlotte held a ball in honor of the Kings return to health- and deliberately failed to invite her son. However, the two of them formally reconciled in 1791. Although he remained popular with his subjects, George eventually descended into permanent madness, and in 1804, Charlotte moved into separate quarters. George was declared insane in 1811, and agreed to be placed under Charlottes guardianship, which remained in place until Charlottes death in 1818. At the same time, he consented to his empire being placed in the hands of his son, the Prince of Wales, as Prince Regent. Grafissimo / Getty Images Death and Legacy For the last nine years of his life, George lived in seclusion at Windsor Castle. He eventually developed dementia, and didnt seem to understand that he was the king, or that his wife had died. On January 29, 1820, he died, and was buried a month later at Windsor. His son George IV, the Prince Regent, succeeded to the throne, where he reigned for ten years until his own death. In 1837, Georges granddaughter Victoria became Queen. Although the issues addressed in the Declaration of Independence paint George as a tyrant, twentieth-century scholars take a more sympathetic approach, viewing him as a victim of both the changing political landscape and his own mental illness. Sources â€Å"George III.†Ã‚  History.com, AE Television Networks, www.history.com/topics/british-history/george-iii.â€Å"What Was the Truth about the Madness of George III?†Ã‚  BBC News, BBC, 15 Apr. 2013, www.bbc.com/news/magazine-22122407.Yedroudj, Latifa. â€Å"Mad King George III Mental Health Records REVEALED in Buckingham Palace Archives.†Ã‚  Express.co.uk, Express.co.uk, 19 Nov. 2018, www.express.co.uk/news/royal/1047457/royal-news-king-george-III-buckingham-palace-hamilton-royal-family-news.

China as a super power Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

China as a super power - Term Paper Example On March 4, 2007, China announced that it was going to increase its military to a total of 45 billion dollars (Tkacik, 2007). This was the biggest annual increase in China’s military budget; however, China was quick to reassure the world that there was no need to worry by calling the increment normal. A further look into this increment indicated that China has an intention to challenge the United States’ military supremacy. This could lead to a situation where China is the United States’ single competitor with regard to influence and military supremacy. China’s air force and space activity is on the rise. The army in China has got roughly 300 Russian fourth generation flankers; it has also got several homemade Jian-11 planes and 76 Sukhoi multi-role fighter jets. Russia and Israel assisted the Chinese air force in procuring 50 Jian-10 fighter jets. These jets were based on the United States F-16 technology. China has intentions to build more of these plane s. China has increased its production and deployment of the short-range ballistic missiles which are said to be aimed at Taiwan. This production has grown from 50 per year in 1990s to 150 missiles annually today. The industries that produce such missiles in China are said to grow at the same pace. In general, China’s rocket soldiers and its air force are expanding at an unprecedented pace. According to China’s 2006 White Paper, there is evidence that China is moving to offensive. This military might of China is growing from regional to trans-regional mobility. The air to ground military capacity has also grown, including long distance maneuvers and exceptional operations. The Chinese navy has grown in strength into a force that can operate in the maritime operations and can ably handle nuclear counterattacks. The Chinese air force has continued to increase its capabilities to strike, tried to procure air and missile defense shield systems and is looking into more offen sive and defensive operations. All these are an early warning shot of the Chinese reconnaissance. According to a report by Congress, China’s policy is now global and extremely bold. China has always been underrated and many times the United States said that China has not acquired the status of a super power. Thomas Jefferson, at the beginning of the nineteenth century, observed that the United States had to trade all over the world if it had to become a global power economically. Beijing’s assessment is that it has grown to the extent that its economic growth depends on foreign markets. This also includes the natural resources from other countries around the world. China‘s economy has been growing rapidly, and China is seeking military might that can protect this growth. This is similar to Jefferson’s observation that the United Stated had to build its military strength if it was to safeguard its military strength globally. It seems that the rise of the Pe ople’s Republic of China is both legitimate and inevitable (McLean, 2007). However, according to Condoleezza Rice, the former Secretary of State of the United States, the US needs to help China operate within the international rules framework before it has fully acquires the status of a military super power. Many view the rise of China as an exceedingly dangerous happening. Why does Bleicher think the fears are overblown? According to Samuel Bleicher, the idea that China is an emerging super power is a creation of the media. He believes s that

International Money and Finance (Final stage 3) Essay - 2

International Money and Finance (Final stage 3) - Essay Example The company’s annual report 2010 provides clues on the exchange rate risks. Operating Statistics Number of rental stores Staff numbers 31 October 30 April 31 October 30 April 2010 2009 2010 2010 2009 2010 Sunbelt Rentals 346 397 393 5,373 5,733 5,334 A-Plant 104 111 105 1,876 1,944 1,872 Corporate office - - - 11 12 12 Group 450 508 498 7,260 7,689 7,218 The operating statistics on the number of rental stores and staff strength provide a comparative view of the performance of the Ashtead Group in the years 2009 and 2010 respectively in Sunbelt Rentals and A-Plant (Ashtead Group Press Release, 2011). Exchange Rate Risk Ashtead Group is exposed to exchange rate risk developed from translation risk emerging from most of the company assets, liabilities, income and costs written in the US dollars. The changes in the comparative value of Pound Sterling and the US dollar can impact on the financial strength and functioning of the company. All debt of the company is shown in the US do llars to secure to a certain extent the revenue stream, hedging against the translation effects erupting from the shift in the dollar exchange rate. The company pays dollar interest on its debts to reduce the impact of any shift in the dollar exchange rate on its income (Ashtead Group Annual Report Accounts, 2010). Movements in the rate of the US dollar with respect to Pound Sterling has been having and crucial impact on our financial position and outcomes of operations as registered in pounds are because most of the company assets, liabilities, income and costs are represented in US dollars. Movement in the exposure of the firm against Pound Sterling or other currencies however, can create significant transaction exposure for the firm. Higher level of exposure can affect the firm’s short term cash flows and therefore may force the firm to borrow to meet its short term cash requirements. (Moffett, Stonehill, & Eiteman,2009). Till 31 October 2010 all company debts shown in the US dollar were nearly 80% of the value of net assets shown in dollar. It proved out to be robust hedge against currency fluctuations. It reduces the impact of exchange rate fluctuations as interest is paid through dollar as well, thus, reducing the effect on pre-tax profits and income. Based on the latest currency mix of Ashtead Group’s profits and on dollar debt levels, interest and exchange rates at 31 October 2010, a 1% change in the US dollar exchange rate would impact pre-tax profit by ?40,000 (Ashtead Group Press Release, 2011). The company has been benefitting from the strong dollar in the past, as is evident from the results of Sunbelt from stronger dollar in the year 2009 when revenues in dollar were short by 21% across the year to US$1450 million but in reality increased by 7% when shown in UK sterling (International Rental News, 2009). Ashtead's Sunbelt results were boosted by the stronger dollar. Sunbelt's revenues in dollars fell by 21% over the year to US$1450 million, although actually grew by 7% when expressed in UK sterling. A-Plant's sales for the year fell by 2% to 208.0 [pounds sterling] million. Dollar exchange rate hedging worked well for the company in the year 2009 amidst reducing sales for both the companies of the group in the final quarter with 28% cut in income by A-Plant and 24% reduction in the income of Senbelt in local

Compulsive Gambling Essay Example for Free

Compulsive Gambling Essay More than 5 million Americans are pathological, compulsive and problem gamblers, and another 15 million are at risk of becoming just like them. A common definition of problem gambling is: a progressive disorder characterized by a continuous or periodic loss of control over gambling and irrational thinking and behavior despite the consequences. When gambling interferes with any ones life, it can be categorize as an addiction or disease, just like alcohol and drug addiction is categorize as a disease. A study conducted for the National Gambling Impact Study Commission found that 20 million American have or could develop gambling problems. Also they have estimated those 1. 8 million American adults as well as up to 1. 1 million American adolescents age 12 through 17 engage in severe pathological gambling each year. As legalize gambling has become more common in the United States; problems have sprung up as well. That negative influence is becoming more apparent as gambling is more widely available. It is becoming increasingly easy to gamble in the United States particularly in the last 10 years, and problems with gambling are much more common now than they ever were. Studies show that for every dollar gambling produces for a regional economy, three dollars are lost because of the economic and social cost of gambling. The study has also said that if the government legalizes more gambling, taxpayers will lose money, whether they gamble or not. The gambling industry believes it is just selling an innocent form of family entertainment, but they dont mention how much the players lose or how gambling encourages addictive behavior or the enormous costs it creates for the rest of society. It has been said that, gamblers with higher counts of gambling symptoms will have higher rates of problem. There many consequences associated with compulsive, pathological and problem gamblers. Examples of such consequences include job and financial problems, divorce, poor health, and criminal involvement. These addictions are the lifeblood of the gambling industry, said an economist from the University of Illinois by name Earl Grinols. He researches and found out, that casinos earn more than half their revenues from compulsive, pathological, and problem gamblers. The casino industry is heavily dependent on the revenues of psychologically sick people, says Grinols. Millions of families are paying a heavy price, not just financially, but also strains in family and marital relationship. Family members of compulsive and pathological gamblers are hurt by their disease, mainly because an emotional withdrawal occurs, which leads to separation.

Essays --

The Ethics of Drug Design and Testing Victor Arce Arizona State University â€Æ' Drug Design, Testing, and Marketing The discovery of a lead pharmacophore and its subsequent testing in animals and humans has only recently taken shape thanks to the advancement in the fields of pharmacology, physiology, chemistry, and biology. Within the last 40 years, the near-linear advancement of computing power has allowed for the imaging of enzyme structures and therefore led to the ab initio calculations of structure shape and size in drug development. The recent scientific interest in biomimicry has created a new field for lead drug synthesis and treatment. The field of pharmacology is being bombarded with possible drug targets so why has the influx of drugs into the market remained relatively slow compared to all of the possible leads? The answer to that question has to do with the process by which a drug must be tested and approved before hitting markets. The process by which a treatment or a drug is studied is scientific. Figure 1- A flowchart demonstrating the process by which a drug must undergo before being marketed and regulated to the public. Figure 1 shows the process by which a drug is developed. The basis of therapies lies in the chemical, physiological understanding of disease. The study begins with a question. The question or hypothesis is based on the understanding of the human body and it’s function. The hypothesis must then be tested using reproducible methods. The compound in question is tested in vitro using a line of cells that are most relevant to the target site that the researchers are studying. For example, if you are researching a drug that could possibly target lymphomas, you would use a cell line that ... ...standard for human research ethics. The document is not legally binding to any country or entity but instead serves as a moral standard for all scientists and physicians as well as countries who want to use it as a guideline for legislation on human research in their own jurisdiction. Conducting Ethical Animal Research As seen in the first part of this paper, the use of animals in the advancement of medical knowledge can be traced back to the Romans. Galen may be one of the first historically significant scientists who used animals to further the knowledge of medicine. His vivisections led to a greater understanding of the healing process, the cardiovascular system, and digestion among other topics. By today’s standards, the vivisections that Galen carried out are seen as unethical and barbaric. The unnecessary level of pain inflicted on the animal would today be Essays -- The Ethics of Drug Design and Testing Victor Arce Arizona State University â€Æ' Drug Design, Testing, and Marketing The discovery of a lead pharmacophore and its subsequent testing in animals and humans has only recently taken shape thanks to the advancement in the fields of pharmacology, physiology, chemistry, and biology. Within the last 40 years, the near-linear advancement of computing power has allowed for the imaging of enzyme structures and therefore led to the ab initio calculations of structure shape and size in drug development. The recent scientific interest in biomimicry has created a new field for lead drug synthesis and treatment. The field of pharmacology is being bombarded with possible drug targets so why has the influx of drugs into the market remained relatively slow compared to all of the possible leads? The answer to that question has to do with the process by which a drug must be tested and approved before hitting markets. The process by which a treatment or a drug is studied is scientific. Figure 1- A flowchart demonstrating the process by which a drug must undergo before being marketed and regulated to the public. Figure 1 shows the process by which a drug is developed. The basis of therapies lies in the chemical, physiological understanding of disease. The study begins with a question. The question or hypothesis is based on the understanding of the human body and it’s function. The hypothesis must then be tested using reproducible methods. The compound in question is tested in vitro using a line of cells that are most relevant to the target site that the researchers are studying. For example, if you are researching a drug that could possibly target lymphomas, you would use a cell line that ... ...standard for human research ethics. The document is not legally binding to any country or entity but instead serves as a moral standard for all scientists and physicians as well as countries who want to use it as a guideline for legislation on human research in their own jurisdiction. Conducting Ethical Animal Research As seen in the first part of this paper, the use of animals in the advancement of medical knowledge can be traced back to the Romans. Galen may be one of the first historically significant scientists who used animals to further the knowledge of medicine. His vivisections led to a greater understanding of the healing process, the cardiovascular system, and digestion among other topics. By today’s standards, the vivisections that Galen carried out are seen as unethical and barbaric. The unnecessary level of pain inflicted on the animal would today be

Aeeta Riddles

The first one was written by the Etas language and followed by an English translation. The answer key follows: 1. Multimedia It wears a crown but isn't a queen It has scales but isn't a fish. 2 . Cassini nag pià ±atas in Pap Nag mismanage you lulu an? There Is a cave with a bolo In It Full of bones It Isn't a grave. 3. Ajar Tanganyika nag nick Away Piccalilli. When you cut it It is mended without a scar. 4. Appeal Gait Awn an did maillot. The thigh of Gatherer all scrape at. 5. Bulgarian aka Agenda Lilliputian mammal. Black stone at Agenda, surrounded by little fishes. 1 OFFThis creature never leaves unless he brings his home. 7. Nu baby ay canvassing; nu areola ay mammalian. It is noisy when shallow, and silent when deep. 8. Nu Babylonian ay embedded. If I open it, it gossips. 9. You Anza y gaff an capacity an nanas. The child is the cause of his mother's death. 10. Nu gaff eBay, nu aha totals Sea by night, tube by day. 1 1 . Nu maturated, attendant, nu metadata, phobia. Standing i t is short, sitting it is tall. 12. Ana data sinology name Mikado nu mature. There's a creature that does not close its eyes when asleep. 13. Incur sauna, manmade Anatolia.If he says he goes, he means he comes. 14. Goanna nu using y mama; managerial pay sill y mina. If you pull your daddy's penis, your mommy's vagina screams too. 15. Cabana you nag an; nasals-assist you Allan an. Inside is full of stones, outside is full of thorns. 16. Titian is canny; dude meme Maida-tit. You stare at it often, yet you never have seen it. 17. Citation SE gaffing; Inca SE anion. Come now, it is dark; go now, it's dawn. 18. Immaculate-latte, mean macaroon. It Jumps and Jumps but cannot move out of its place. 19. Nu manure ay mallow, nu unanimous ay maybug.If it comes it's slow, if it goes up, it's fast. 20. Asana way packet data queue lag. 21 . Is like a managing, ambulated; cabling cue managing, amphibians. Before meals, I am full, after meals I am hungry. ANSWERS 1. Pippin (Pineapple) Simi ( Mouth) 2. 3. Datum (Water) 4. Honey 5. Mortar 6. Adage (turtle) mahatma (river) 7. 8. Bionic (fan) 9. Baht (bananas) 10. AFC (mat) 11. Tat (dog) 12. Durum (grasshopper) 13. Load (shrimp) 14. Company (bell) 15. Imaging Kiwifruit) 16. Sinai (sun) sawing (window) 17. Making (sewing machine) 18. 19. Duggan (booger) 20. Cop (cup) 21 . Caldera (kettle, pot) 1.Mandamuses A instantiating. There is a cave with a bolo in it Full of bones it isn't a grave. Away piccalilli. The thigh of Gait, where all scrape at. 6. Ion sinology, name manna nu name, pan ion bally an. There's a creature that does not close its eyes when asleep. 13. Incur sauna, gammed Anatolia. If you pull your daddy's penis, your mommy's vagina screams too. Inside is full of stones, outside is full of thorns. 16. Titian is canny; dude meme Maida-tit. It Jumps and Jumps but cannot move out of its place. 19. Nu manure ay mallow, nu unanimous ay maybug. Who is he that has but one ear?

Books Are Best Friends Essay

Introduction: Book is our real and best friend. It gives us knowledge and pleasure. It is the main element of education. Our worldly friend may give us but book never gives us. Kinds: There are different kinds and different sizes of books in the world. They are the books of story, books of drama, books of poem, books of novel, books of fashion and design, books of religion, books of cooking, books of entertainment, books of accounting, books of philosophy, books of science and technology, books of computer and books of Bengali and English literature etc. Some books are published in printing paper and some books are published in internet. Books that can be read in internet is called e-book. Today it is very popular. Thousands of people acquire knowledge of different branches from e-book. Importance: The importance of book beggars description. Book is our great adviser. Because, when we face any trouble, book stands by us to help us. A person never feels alone in the company of books. It spreads us knowledge. It develops our mind and awakens our conscience. We become nomad without the touch of book. It is a store house of knowledge. It is actually a wonderful gift to human. In a word, it helps us in many ways. It guides us when we become confused. It helps us in decision making. When we remain lonely, it educates, entertains and serves us like a great companion. When we are in sorrow, book consoles us. It helps us in the spread of our progressive views. It broadens our outlook and widens our interest. It enriches the human thoughts. We can know about the life and activity of the famous person through books. We become inspired to be famous in life reading books. Book helps us to remove illiteracy and poverty. It removes the darkness of ignorance. It removes or sufferings. A good book sharpens our intellect. It bring light among the people and make them fond of knowledge. We can know the unknown through reading books. We can know about the remote place of the world through books. We can know the lifestyle and culture of different countries of the world through reading books. Inspiration: Book is not only a great source of knowledge and entertainment but also it inspires us to do good for the betterment of the society as well as for the country. We intend to do better something reading the biographies of great men of the world. It is one of the great sources of knowing the noble deeds of the great people of the world. Conclusion: In the end, it can be said that we become nomad if we do not read book. It is our best friend and teacher. It gives us complete life. It gives us comfort in life. It removes our loneliness. We should always read book.

Free Essays on What Factors Caused The Collapse Of Palatial Mycenaean Civilization

What factors caused the collapse of palatial Mycenaean civilization and what theories support this collapse? The Mycenaeans were a warlike people - warriors who set out from their fortified cities of Southern mainland Greece for the Mediterranean Sea, looking for metals such as copper, tin and gold. Establishing their society around 1700 BC, the Mycenaeans came to power at 1600 BC and ruled to 1100 BC, with the city of Mycenae as the focal point of their civilization. Flourishing for roughly five hundred years, the collapse of Mycenaean society occurred at approximately 1100 BC. Though there are various theories offered for the collapse, actual suppositions remain to be completely authenticated. Theorists propounding as to what caused the collapse of Mycenaean civilization, present numerous suppositions. Desborough posed one of the theories in 1964. He cautiously suggested that an attack from the north by the Dorians instigated the collapse. While he theorized, Desborough was acutely cognizant of the reality that there was virtually no evidence, with the exception of the destruction levels and widespread abandonments themselves, for the presence of such invaders. A new type of sword, (from Central Europe, named the ‘Naue II’), and an inventive type of pin called a ‘fibula,’ (or safety pin), were both perceived to be Dorian trademarks by archaeologists. Unfortunately, there is a principal protestation to this theory - only half a dozen of these goods were found for the fifty years that the Dorians were supposed to have rampaged. Furthermore, neither item appeared at the same time as the other, so they could not be related to a single invasion, a further objection to Desborough’s theory. A decade earlier, in 1954, Andronikos posed a supposition that deals with a wholly different matter than Desborough’s theory. Andronikos proposed that the collapse came about as the result of extreme social unrest, with... Free Essays on What Factors Caused The Collapse Of Palatial Mycenaean Civilization Free Essays on What Factors Caused The Collapse Of Palatial Mycenaean Civilization What factors caused the collapse of palatial Mycenaean civilization and what theories support this collapse? The Mycenaeans were a warlike people - warriors who set out from their fortified cities of Southern mainland Greece for the Mediterranean Sea, looking for metals such as copper, tin and gold. Establishing their society around 1700 BC, the Mycenaeans came to power at 1600 BC and ruled to 1100 BC, with the city of Mycenae as the focal point of their civilization. Flourishing for roughly five hundred years, the collapse of Mycenaean society occurred at approximately 1100 BC. Though there are various theories offered for the collapse, actual suppositions remain to be completely authenticated. Theorists propounding as to what caused the collapse of Mycenaean civilization, present numerous suppositions. Desborough posed one of the theories in 1964. He cautiously suggested that an attack from the north by the Dorians instigated the collapse. While he theorized, Desborough was acutely cognizant of the reality that there was virtually no evidence, with the exception of the destruction levels and widespread abandonments themselves, for the presence of such invaders. A new type of sword, (from Central Europe, named the ‘Naue II’), and an inventive type of pin called a ‘fibula,’ (or safety pin), were both perceived to be Dorian trademarks by archaeologists. Unfortunately, there is a principal protestation to this theory - only half a dozen of these goods were found for the fifty years that the Dorians were supposed to have rampaged. Furthermore, neither item appeared at the same time as the other, so they could not be related to a single invasion, a further objection to Desborough’s theory. A decade earlier, in 1954, Andronikos posed a supposition that deals with a wholly different matter than Desborough’s theory. Andronikos proposed that the collapse came about as the result of extreme social unrest, with...

These Are the Hardest AP Classes and Tests for You

These Are the Hardest AP Classes and Tests for You SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Thinking of signing up for AP classes? Want the greatest possible challenge? Or are you trying to avoid biting off more than you can chew? In this post, we’ll explain what makes an AP class hard, list the hardest AP classes, and help you prepare for them. What AP Passing Rates Tell Us You might think that the best way to tell which AP classes are the hardest is to look at the national data about how many students pass each test each year. We’ll start our discussion here, but beware that the passing rates don’t automatically tell you which classes are hardest. Want to get a perfect 5 on your AP exam and an A in class? We can help. PrepScholar Tutors is the world's best tutoring service. We combine world-class expert tutors with our proprietary teaching techniques. Our students have gotten A's on thousands of classes, perfect 5's on AP tests, and ludicrously high SAT Subject Test scores. Whether you need help with science, math, English, social science, or more, we've got you covered. Get better grades today with PrepScholar Tutors. This a complete list of passing rates on each AP exam with the most recent (2019) data. Exam Name Passing Rate (3+) Studio Art: Drawing 91.1% Spanish Language and Culture 89% Chinese Language and Culture 88.3% Studio Art: 2-D Design 86.4% Calculus BC 81.5% Physics C: Electricity Magnetism 81.1% Seminar 80.7% French Language and Culture 76.7% Research 76.2% Japanese Language and Culture 75% Computer Science Principles 72.7% Spanish Literature 71.9% Physics C: Mechanics 71.1% German Language and Culture 70.5% Studio Art: 3-D Design 70.1% Computer Science A 69.9% Microeconomics 68.4% Gov. and Politics - Comparative 66.2% Biology 64.6% Italian Language and Culture 64.6% Psychology 64.4% Art History 63.9% Physics 2 63.5% Music Theory 63.4% Latin 63.1% Statistics 59.2% European History 58.4% Calculus AB 58.3% Macroeconomics 57.9% World History 56% Gov. and Politics - United States 55.2% English Language and Composition 55.1% Chemistry 54.6% United States History 54.3% English Literature and Composition 50.1% Environmental Science 49.6% Human Geography 49.1% Physics 1 44.6% Source: College Board. For language rates, "Total" includes all students, while "Standard" includes only those students who didn't indicate they speak this language at home or spent more than four weeks studying it abroad. You might be tempted to look at this table and say the tests with the lowest passing rates are hardest, and the ones with the highest passing rates are easiest. After all, if not many students can pass an AP test, doesn’t that mean it’s one of the hardest tests? But when you look at the data, the exams with the highest passing rates (Chinese, Spanish, Calculus BC) are often considered among the hardest. We're not including AP Seminar and the AP Studio Art scores in this assessment, since those grades are all portfolio-based, rather than exam-based. Meanwhile, some of the tests with the lowest passing rates (Human Geography, US Government and Politics, Environmental Science) are often seen as the easiest. So what’s going on here? The truth is, the national passing rates often say more about the students taking the exams rather than the exams themselves. Some of the exams with low passing rates have those low rates because they are often taken in freshman/sophomore year, while some of the exams with high rates have more stringent prerequisites at many high schools. This means that the harder exams tend to have older, better-prepared students taking them, which raises their pass rates. In short, we have to look beyond national passing rates when figuring out which tests are the hardest. A Possibly More Reliable Indicator: 5 Rate Since pass rates don’t actually tell us much, what about the 5 rate? Remember, a 5 is the highest possible AP score (read more about AP scores here). Shouldn’t we be able to find the hardest AP tests by looking at the exams with the lowest 5 rates? Below is a table with all the AP exams, this time ranked by the percentage of test-takers who got a 5. Exam Name 5 Rate Chinese Language and Culture 57.2% Calculus BC 43.2% Japanese Language and Culture 38.2% Physics C: Electricity Magnetism 35.9% Physics C: Mechanics 34.6% Computer Science A 27% Spanish Language and Culture 24.9% Microeconomics 22.2% Gov. and Politics - Comparative 22.2% Studio Art: 2-D Design 21% Music Theory 20.9% Studio Art: Drawing 20.8% Psychology 20.2% Calculus AB 18.9% German Language and Culture 18.4% Macroeconomics 17.6% French Language and Culture 15.5% Statistics 14.5% Computer Science Principles 13.6% Latin 13.1% Gov. and Politics - United States 12.9% Physics 2 12.6% United States History 12.1% Art History 12% Italian Language and Culture 11.8% European History 11.7% Research 10.8% Chemistry 10.7% Human Geography 10.7% English Language and Composition 10.1% Studio Art: 3-D Design 10.1% Environmental Science 9.5% Spanish Literature 9.1% World History 8.7% Biology 7.1% Seminar 6.8% English Literature and Composition 6.2% Physics 1 6.2% Source: College Board. For language rates, "Total" includes all students, while "Standard" includes only those students who didn't indicate they speak this language at home or spent more than four weeks studying it abroad. The 5 rate, in fact, a decent way to spot some difficult exams, including AP English Literature and Biology. They both have very low 5 rates (7.1 for Bio, 6.2 for English Lit). But on the flip side, a relatively easy exam, AP Environmental Science, has a low 5 rate of 9.5%. Furthermore, some decidedly hard exams, like Chinese, Calculus BC, and Physics C, have very high 5 rates- up to 57%+ for Chinese! In other words, just looking at 5 rates doesn’t tell the whole story, though some other articles have assumed that. This is why the best way to find the hardest AP exams is to focus on the ones with the most material to cover- as well as the most conceptually difficult topics, which we will do below. Disclaimer: Take Into Account Your School’s Variation Before we talk about which classes are the hardest, we want to clarify we mean the ones with the most difficult course material and hardest end-of-year exam. There is enormous variation in how the same AP class can be taught at different high schools, so we can't speak to the specific class difficulties at your high school. It may be there is an AP class at your school that is known as the most difficult since the teacher is really tough, even though nationally it might not be considered one of the easiest. Or maybe there is an AP class at your school most students see as a joke, even though the material is still very difficult. Since we can’t report on the specifics at different high schools, we are focusing on which classes have the most/hardest material to cover and have a reputation for difficulty at multiple schools. We’ll discuss below ways to explore how hard AP classes are at your school specifically so you can build an optimal schedule. Any AP class Professor McGonagall teaches would likely be super hard. Okay, Seriously, Which AP Classes Are the Hardest? United States History, Biology, English Literature, Calculus BC, Physics C, and Chemistry are often named as the hardest AP classes and tests. These classes have large curriculums, tough tests, and conceptually difficult material. We put together this list based on personal experience, online chatter, passing rates, 5 rates, and looking at their curricula in depth. We are not ranking these since their difficulty will vary quite a bit based on the student. For example, if you're a math whiz, Calculus BC will likely be easier than AP English Literature. But the opposite could be true for another student. But if you’re considering any of these, be prepared for a tough course! AP US History Even though most students are exposed to American History multiple times, beginning in elementary school, AP US History is still a very tough class. First of all, this is a harder history exam than AP World History or even AP European History, since it covers a narrower span of history and a smaller geographical area, meaning the curriculum is incredibly detailed. This means you can’t rely on general trends and observations like you can sometimes in World History- you have to know specific dates, movements, people, and laws. To take a small example, in a world history class, you might need to know that slavery ended in the United States during the Civil War. For a US history class, you would need to know the dates of the civil war, the exact year of the Emancipation Proclamation, and the dates and content of the 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments. You would also be expected to know about the major leaders and law-makers involved. The more detail you can remember, the better! This is because APUSH is known for having a very difficult multiple-choice section that requires a very detailed knowledge of US History from the pre-Columbian era up to the present day. Also, the more concrete evidence you can include in your free responses, the better essay scores you will get. If you have a knack for history, this class will be easier for you, but most students report it’s very challenging. It’s also likely to be a hard class to pass at many schools because teachers have to assign tons of reading and assignments to get through all the material before the AP test in May. Expect a fast-moving, assignment-heavy course. You can read College Board's full description here. If you think this is a figure from American History, you might want to consider fitting AP US History into your schedule. AP Biology This is a tough class and test, any way you slice it. Even with the redesign back in 2012, which was meant to make AP Biology more accessible and less memorization-heavy, you still have to memorize tons of material for the test, everything from super detailed chemical processes (Krebs Cycle, anyone?) to cell biology to evolution. This means AP Biology teachers have to pack a ton onto their syllabi for this class, including time for experiments. The huge volume of info, coupled with the fact that Biology can be conceptually difficult, makes this a tough AP course. If you have taken a strong prerequisite Intro to Biology course, this test will be more manageable. Check out a full course description here to learn more. AP English Literature Along with AP US History, this is one of the hardest AP courses in the humanities. While AP English Language is also challenging, Literature requires reading texts that are generally more difficult. Compare, say, AP English Literature staple Crime and Punishment to a non-fiction article about the criminal justice system you might read in AP English Language. Crime and Punishment is much more difficult! AP English Literature also tests more specific rhetorical/literary terms and requires you to have a more fine-tuned ability to close read a passage. You’re not just looking for the overall argument or effect like you are in AP English Language. You have to go under the hood and explain in detail how a piece of literature works. Finally, for AP Literature, you have to come prepared to write one of the essays about a book or play you read in class, but you can't actually bring the book or play with you to the exam. This means you have to study what you read in AP Literature very closely. So closely that you could write about a book, and even use quotes from it, without having the book with you! SparkNotes summaries won't cut it. In short, expect a longer and harder reading list, tougher multiple-choice questions, and more accountability for what you read in class. You can read the full College Board description of the test here. AP Chemistry Similar to biology, chemistry has a ton of material, lots of memorization, and requires a solid conceptual understanding of complicated chemical processes. AP Chemistry is known at many high schools for having tons of homework and tough tests- all necessary for students to learn enough to pass the AP exam at the end of the year. Don't attempt AP Chemistry unless you have already taken an introductory chemistry course. It would be impossible to learn everything you need to know about chemistry for the AP exam in just one year. You can read AP’s full course description here. AP Physics C Physics C is especially tough because not only are you learning physics material, which can be hard, you also need to know calculus alongside it. While AP Physics 1 and 2 are algebra-based, both Physics C courses (Electricity Magnetism and Mechanics) are calculus-based, meaning students need to know calculus well enough to apply it in physics. Some consider it â€Å"two classes in one† due to the necessary calculus knowledge. Furthermore, the material tested in Physics C is much more in-depth than Physics 1 or 2 (or the old Physics B). Physics C courses go into a great amount of depth about a few topics, while Physics 1 and 2 cover many topics with less depth. So just as US History is harder than World History, Physics C is tougher than Physics 1 and 2 because you need a greater depth of knowledge. Because of this, you should definitely have a physics prerequisite under your belt before taking Physics C, and you should have either already taken calculus or be taking it at the same time. You can read about Physics C at the course home pages for Electricity and Magnetism and Mechanics. AP Calculus BC Finally, AP Calculus BC is the toughest AP math exam, if not one of the hardest AP exams period. AP Calculus AB is also challenging, but covers less material and moves more slowly. AP Calculus BC often covers everything taught in Calculus AB in just the first semester of school- revealing one reason why it’s so hard: intense pacing. You move fast in Calculus BC, which means you need to be prepared to keep up. There is not a lot of time to be lost in this class. If you struggle with a concept at the beginning of the year, it can make it harder to learn everything after that. In fact, if you find yourself struggling, seek out extra help from the teacher or a tutor as fast as you can so you don't fall behind. In some schools, Calculus BC requires an extra period in the day to fit in all the material before the AP exam. You also get into more conceptually difficult calculus topics than Calculus AB. In short, be prepared to work very hard and be vigilant about keeping up with the course. You can read College Board’s description here. Want to get a perfect 5 on your AP exam and an A in class? We can help. PrepScholar Tutors is the world's best tutoring service. We combine world-class expert tutors with our proprietary teaching techniques. Our students have gotten A's on thousands of classes, perfect 5's on AP tests, and ludicrously high SAT Subject Test scores. Whether you need help with science, math, English, social science, or more, we've got you covered. Get better grades today with PrepScholar Tutors. Note on Language AP Exams You may be wondering how hard the AP language tests are- after all, you can take AP tests in languages from Chinese to Spanish to French. The difficulty of these is a bit tougher to quantify, since AP Language exams test multiple years of learning a language, as opposed to one year of material. For students with tons of foreign language knowledge these can be incredibly easy exams. If you’ve lived abroad or are fluent in a language, the AP language test will not pose much of a challenge. (Some students who are native speakers of a language will even take an AP language exam!) But for students who have just been taking a language in school, these exams can be difficult, particularly the listening portions. So if you’re thinking about an AP Language class, think about how many years of past experience you have. For example, if you’ve taken French for four years, you’re probably well-prepared for AP French. But if you’ve only taken it for two years, you will probably struggle. Most schools have pretty stringent prerequisites for AP language classes for this reason. Action Steps If you want to take any of these classes, you need to get info about the class at your school. Although they are all objectively difficult, there can be huge differences in how the classes are taught and graded. Ideally, these classes should be taught by excellent teachers who can not just teach the material clearly, but include plenty of review and AP exam practice. You should also think about your own strengths and weaknesses, and how well a tough AP class will fit into your schedule. Even though all of these AP classes have tough material, the difficulty of the class might vary from school to school. The class itself could be incredibly difficult (lots of assignments, reading, and hard tests)- and you should be prepared for that. However, the class could also be easy (not very many assignments, easy tests), meaning you will have to put in a lot of work on your own to be ready for the AP test. Knowing what the class’s workload is like, and how that prepares you for the exam, is crucial to being prepared once May arrives. If the class is easy and you don't actually learn the material, you could fail the test despite getting good grades in the class. The bottom line here is that you’ll have to work very hard to succeed in any of these classes. But that work could come at the behest of a teacher or from your own willpower. If you don't think you're learning the material well enough in class to pass the test, consider getting a prep book and studying on your own in the second half of the year. Get Info About a Class To get info about an AP class, first talk to your guidance counselor. Ask for the class's syllabus, the class’s passing rate on the AP exam for the last few years, and what other students tend to say about the class. This will give you an idea of how well-taught a class is. Your guidance counselor can also recommend good prerequisite classes and teachers. Next, speak to the teacher if you can, or speak to a teacher you have who teaches the prerequisite class (for example, the Honors Biology teacher if you’re thinking about AP Biology). The teacher can give you a sense of what the workload is like, what they expect of their students, and how much work they expect students to do on their own. Finally, find out what the word of mouth for the class is at your school by talking to older students. Don't rely too much on any one person's opinion, because students can exaggerate, but look for general trends. For example, if everyone says that AP Biology is really hard but they learned a lot and passed the AP exam, that's a sign the class is worth taking. Think About Your Strengths If you tend to do well in a subject, you will likely do well in a corresponding AP class, even if it's one of the hard ones. For example, even though AP Biology is hard, if you’ve done well in previous science classes, have a knack for memorization and critical thinking, you might be better prepared for AP Biology than, say, AP European History, even though that’s not seen as one of the hardest AP classes. On the flipside, if you really struggle with something- like writing or math- you need to be extra careful about taking a tough AP class like AP English Literature or AP Calculus BC. We’re not saying to avoid those classes if you think you might have a hard time. We are saying to be prepared to spend lots of time studying! Think About Your Overall Schedule How well you do in a hard AP class could also depend on your schedule. For example, AP Biology might be more feasible your sophomore or senior year since you won’t be worrying about the ACT/SAT. However, if you take it junior year, you might have a hard time balancing ACT or SAT studying with the AP Biology class. Also consider other classes, your extracurricular commitments, work schedule, and family commitments before signing up for any of these AP classes. You don't want a tough AP class to overload an already busy schedule. Along the same lines, do not feel pressured to overload on AP classes in general. More is not necessarily better, even if there is pressure at your school to take 5 AP classes in one year. It’s better to get two 4s than four 2s! And it's better to take AP classes that are interesting and meaningful to you. What’s Next? Find out about the flipside of this discussion, the easiest AP classes. Also read about how many AP classes you should be taking total. Also studying for the ACT/SAT? Come up with a target ACT or SAT score based on your top schools. When’s the ideal time in your high school career to take the ACT/SAT? Find out here. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points? We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Critical Review about Postgraduate Research Methods Essay

Critical Review about Postgraduate Research Methods - Essay Example The author defined the glass ceiling as those artificial barriers based on attitudinal or organizational bias that prevent qualified individuals from advancing upward in their organization into management-level positions. Since the feminist movement gained power since the late sixties of the twentieth century the women began to think that they should gain the power and authority among the men community. As a result they from the very beginning women placed themselves to the other side of the discussion. Nowadays women are trying to prove their self-dependence, putting aside the case of that they had begun this confrontation. To show the relevance of the problem, the author shows some statistic data about salary inequities between women and men. She asks following questions: Why are women still paid substantially less than men are Why does the glass ceiling stay in place And why does much of the popular press do its best to paint a rosy picture of job prospects for women The main purpose of Brenda's research was to identify factors that support and perpetuate the glass ceiling for women in public relations and corporate communications management. The author points out, that many researchers in management have attempted to isolate factors contributing to sex segregation and sex discrimination. After analysis of their work she made a conclusion that the body of knowledge is contributed in two very important ways: First, it highlights the need for research about women, research frequently marginalized in both the academic and business arenas. Second, it has begun to suggest factors that create and maintain the glass ceiling in corporate public relations and communications. The author describes in details research problem and its reflection in literature. The research project assumes the glass ceiling as an important area for further study for several reasons that are enumerated by the author. Feminization of the field means that although women make up more than half of the U.S. population their representation in management in public relations and many other fields is a much smaller percentage. The author points out that this limits opportunities for women and the organizations that could benefit from their contributions. Vrenda emphasizes that women in public relations have difficulty being treated equally in terms of advancement and salary. She looks at nature of today's business climate and remarks that the pressure on organizations to practice public relations as more of a two-way communication process becomes even more urgent. The author suggests the following points for consideration: 1: Do women in corporate public relations and communications management perceive a glass ceiling to be in place 2: What factors do women think help to create or maintain the glass ceiling for women in public relations and communications 3: What strategies are there for women in public relations and communications who want to work to eliminate the glass ceiling These are the main questions of the research. In the research the author used qualitative methods because, as the author explained it, the factors contributing to the glass ceiling have not yet been clearly delineated. The study used focus groups (one pretest and two subsequent focus groups) and depth interviews (a total of 10 interviews). Nevertheless, the author uses statistic to show the tendency of nowadays situation in case that groups are too small to show off the full idea. That is reasonable because

Computer Science Term Paper (Follow up) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Computer Science Term Paper (Follow up) - Essay Example We live in a digital age. This means that information is stored in digital form on computers often hooked up to the internet. However, with the widespread evolution of information technology, information privacy has also been one of the most controversial issues society faces today. The implementation of protections for information can be viewed from the perspective of the computer scientist or of the user. One can see innovations in software and hardware coming everyday. This can give certain advantages and tools to hackers, spammers and other people. With the use of this, they become more dangerous to information privacy. Information privacy (security) is protected through encryptions, passwords, security update, and by other means. On the other hand, consumers and internet users accept end user license agreements (EULA) as an assurance. Therefore, any personal information protected from inappropriate use or any acts of deception. With the boom of commercial, personal (known as blogs), educational and service provider web sites, through the efforts of licensed and open source programs, various questions have been raised on the ethical implications of these innovations on information privacy. The prevalence of internet crimes related to information privacy has been increasing day by day. Moreover, because technology has been rapidly changing year by year, a long-term approach to internet privacy is still being developed. Nonetheless, an attempt to tackle such issue would not, in any way, resolve the problem. Instead, this paper will provide useful insight on the issue of information privacy, and hopefully as a starting point of future research. The concept of information privacy has been one of the most critical issues. It takes into serious consideration. Imagine a world without information privacy. Credit cardholders would have difficulty purchasing and exchanging vital

Renaissance and Fashion trends Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Renaissance and Fashion trends - Essay Example The essay "Renaissance and Fashion trends" talks about trends in the fashion in the era of Renaissance. For instances clothes that were designed for war had specific purpose, on the other hand the bridal clothing was designed to suit the function of the day. Before the 19th century clothing was tailor made to suit the needs of each individual. The design of women garments was quite different with the modern garments. The garments were loosely fitting and flowing. Most fabrics in ancient time lacked decoration. The general rule in western world preferred plain clothes to the decorated clothes. History records that clothes that people wore were white in color. Any other color was not easily accepted. Commoners were prohibited by the rules of the land not to wear red clothes in the theaters. A wide range of cloth colors started featuring in the fifth century. During this time, people could wear a wide range of colors in public places and in theaters. The cultural believes and the societ al norms dictated the kind of design that a community would accept. However, at the advent of the 20th century, the idea of standardized clothing became more popular as sewing and stitching technologies became widespread and the world moved into the era of industrialization. Tailors and dress markers developed new fashions and took them to the market. Competition among different designers is another factor that has contributed to the changes in fashions. Many designers want their products to sell.

Nokia vs Apple Case Study

Nokia vs Apple Case Study The Board of Apple iTunes has requested a report that seeks to examine the key macro and micro environmental factors within the music download industry and provide significant information regarding the current threat of Nokia entering the music download market. Also, recent trends should be observed and a strategy has to be developed that will limit Nokias impact and protect Apples market share within Europe. In order to do so, we used significant instruments to analyse the market and we formulated a strategy accordingly. 2.1 Apples Mission Statement: Apple is committed to bringing the best personal computing experience to student, educators, creative professionals and condumers arounf the world through its innovative hardware, software and iternet offerings. Apple continious to lead the industry in innovation with its award-winning computers, OS X operating system and iLife and professional applications. Apple is also spearheading the digital media revolution with its iPod portable music and video players and iTunes online store, and has entered the online phone market this year with its revolutionary iPhone. 2.2 Apples strategy: Apple inc. is a vertically integrated company, manufacturing and supplying all hardware and software as well as its own operating systems. Apple Inc. chose this strategy so they could retain profit and ensure profit is not lost by financing other companys profit margins. The practice behind this theory is to heavily finance research and development and have have the necessary means of production to cover all areas of the business. Marketing and advertising are also a key component in Apple Inc.s strategy to have a better market position. 2.3 Apples market: To exactly define Apples market is nearly impossible as the company takes part in the multimedia download market by offering a wide range of services like music, ringtones, games, Podcasts and movies (most popular is their iTunes service) as well as having recently entered the mobile phone market with its new iPhone. The multimedia download market is described by Mintel as anything that can be copied from the Internet to a PC, other portable devices (mobile phones, PDA), game consoles or multimedia devices (Mintel, 2007). This includes music, video/television programmes, games, wallpapers, icons and ringtones. For our report we will focus on the music part which is of special interest to the Board of Apple iTunes although some consideration about the whole multimedia download market will have to be done, as Apple provides a variety of multimedia services and a reduction of the market to the music download market might be to narrow sometimes. Apple is not yet part of the mobile download market (unlike Nokia that has entered this market with its new Ovi service and the launch of its N-Series devices) as this market is strictly defined by Mintel as products that are downloaded to a mobile phone, including ongoing subscription purchases or single one-off downloads. These products include icons, wallpaper, ringtones, music, news or video clips, jokes and games. These services are for mobile phones only and similar items downloaded to a PC are excluded (Mintel, 2005) . The mobile phones market is being defined by Mintel as handset manufacturers and network service providers (Mintel, 2007). 3. Overview of the multimedia download market: This overview has been generated on the base of a Mintel report about uploading and downloading in the UK in 2007 and the figures provided only show the UK market. Since it can be assumed that the UK market does not differ dramatically from the Europeen market since network providers, third party providers and mobile manufacturers taking part in this market are accessed through the world wide web and therfore are also being used from Europeen customers, the facts given can be transformed to the Europeen market. The multimedia download market and especially the music download market is a fast changing and fast growing emergent market that is characterised by high fragmentation as more and more players such as mobile phone manufacturers, network- and third party providers enter the market. Market Size and Segmentation: The UK value for the download market in 2006 has increased 179% above 2002 to  £343 million and especially the growth of music downloads is acting as a main driver for the market and is overtaking mobile phone downloads that have been the largest segment of the market in the past. Mintel forecasts further expansion of the market between 2007 and 2009. Market Share: The multimedia download market is a highly fragmented market with many players, that is being dominated by Apple iTunes with nearly 80% market share. Third-party providers like Napster, MonsterMob, iTouch and Zed are also an imporant source of the market, although in the case of mobile downloads network providers are significant too. Key Points of the Internal Market Environment: An increasing desire of consumers to benefit from new technology can clearly be recognized and especially in the music download market, consumer interest has increased due to innovative product launches, such as the Apple iPod. Also, theres a trend for technology devices to blend functions that have been associated with only one product, as recent examples like the Apple iPhone or the freshly announced Google Gphone show. Key Points of the External Market Environment: The current lack of legislation regarding copyright issues, encourages people away from legal download services. A trend being recognized by Mintel is that ad-supported content is getting more and more accepted from customers as they are more willing to download from official sources if the content is free. The Future: Mintel predicts that rather being an add-on downloading will become an activity carried out on most devices. As a result mobile Internet surfing will increasingly become mass market! 4. Key factors to success for Apple: The companys wide and always up-to-date range of downloadable files. The companies fresh and exiting presentation of services and devices that delivers the attitude towards the customer that downloading is fun. Design and fashion have proved highly important for the company, as their products are being regarded as hip and stylish. The ease of use for its products and services. The companys innovative technologies. Strong branding that attracts new customers, keeps older ones and creates additional value. Highly effective advertising Many formal and informal cooperations with big multinational firms 5. PESTEL-Analysis: Economical aspects: Consumers currently feel very safe about their financial situation and about their prosper life. As a result to that, they are willing to spent more in fast moving goods and luxury. However, costs evole to be the most important factor for customers when it comes to purchasing a mobile phone and additional services as well as downloads. Socio-cultural aspects: Theres a trend in the mulimedia download market towards targeting younger consumer groups, since these groups show higher interest in downloading and are less restrictive towards new technologies. Despite this trend Apple have to consider that older consumer groups are usually wealthier than younger people and have more money to spent and it is also important for the furture to meditate that the overall population is growing older. Technical aspects: The wide range of fast changing high-tech/high-quality download possibilities, encourages consumers to download but it also puts more pressure on competing firms, as they have to stay up-to-date with the newest technologies. Considerable developments in the mobile phone market (3G handsets becoming reality and expanded features available to the customer) will push the multimedia download market into new spheres and will open up great opportunities for Apple. Still, since Apple is taking part in a highly competitive market with new technologies arising and changing in a very fast rate product-life-cycles are short and companies have to invest strongly in RD in order to stay competitive and to fullfil the market demand. Legal aspects: Issues of copyrights and illegal downloads greatly affect the music download industry and are a major problem for active legal providers. A former lack of legislation in this area has encouraged consumers away from commercial downloading services and as a response to this, new technologies have been introduced that protect the copyright of owners and prevent customers to download and share files illegaly. Digital Rights Managment (DRM) was created to controll the number of copies that can be made from a download and although for the music industry there are many positive aspects to DRM, there are surely as many negative for the consumer. Therefore, some companies have already planned to open big portals on DRM-Free tracks, that will legally enable the consumer to download files without being limited to a certain number of computers, portable digital devices and CD burns for a reaonable price. Moreover DRM-Free tracks can be played on any MP3 capable device! Although Ap ple has already updated its offer with DRM-Free tracks, the choice for customers is still very limited, as Apple could only strike deals with EMI that allow them to offer DRM-Free tracks. Also, Apples DRM-Free tracks are more expensive than those of its competitiors which could become a major problem in the future, if the company doesnt adapt its pricing to the market. 6. Porters 5 Forces: Substitute products: A substitute product is not a direct alternative to the product a company is selling. For example, the new Sony Walkman media player is not a substitute for the iPod Touch, it is a competitor. However, a personal CD player or MP3 player could be if certain aspects of the market were to change, e.g. price and there was a high elasticity of demand. In the case of iTunes, with music there is a wide range of options for buying music and therefore are many substitutes within the music industry, for example tapes, CDs, vinyl and DVDs. All of these are easily accessible and just as convenient as downloading from the internet. The benefit which iTunes has is that you do not have to buy whole albums; you can download songs individually and at a fraction of the cost of a single song on another format. Also you are able to buy movies, TV shows, audio books and Podcasts, all available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. Reports by Mintel have shown that sale price and the volume of sales is falling for non digital media, consequently as a result of internet downloading. Album sales are in dramatic decline; largely due to a boost in single downloads. High definition gaming and music channels have also deflected consumers away from buying into the music industry. However, for the future, it is likely that technological innovation will replace popular digital mediums and formats but we asume that this is not a very big threat for Apple, as the company has proved to always be up-to-date with the newest technologie and will do so in the future. The Threat of new Entrants: Already, there are hundreds of media downloading sites available to use on the internet. Some are legal and some are not. It is more difficult to block and put barriers up for illegal entrants into the market because they are not abiding by the law and therefore do not have patents, licences or the rights to distribute media, but still do. With legitimate start up companies, there are capital requirements, possible patents licences to obtain and ultimately the prospect of competing with already well established and reputable companies such as iTunes. Mintel predicts that there will be an influx of new companies willing to invest in the online downloading industry. A big threat for Apple constitutes the entrance of Amazon into the market. The company announced the launch of a new music download portal that offers a wide range of DRM-Free tracks to a reasonable price. Since there are many advantages to DRM-Free tracks, like the fact that users can legaly co py the files without being restricted to a certain number of copies, consumers are expected to highly welcome the new download store. Apple has to be aware of the fact, that it could loose both new and old customers by restricting them to Digital Rights Management tracks that can only be played on Apples iPod and not on any MP3 capable device, as it is the case with Amazon. Another threat of new entrants Apple has to face is, that the download industry is likely to change towards add-driven downloads, which means that customers wont have to pay for their downloads if they agree to watching adds. Google will launch its own mobile phone, the G-Phone. Googles strategy is to give its services for free to customers and than sell adds to pay for them. Apart from that, Nokias launch of the new Ovi Store together with its new N-Series will be the greates threat of new entrance as it will allow customers to directly download files to their mobile which Apples iPhone currently doesnt do. Bargaining Power Of Customers: Due to the vast range of direct alternatives and substitutes, iTunes needs to price competitively as well as maintaining reputation and range availability. Consumers are easily swayed to alternative products, especially the ease and free use of illegal downloading sites and therefore need to be drawn in to using legal downloading sites like iTunes. Consumers have great power due to their ability to buy from any one competitor in the music industry and can therefore potentially dictate prices by constantly buying from the cheapest company, thus forcing competitors to reduce prices. Obviously one customer would not make a difference, but collectively customers are strong. As for the Apple iPhone, it has to be considered that network providers have great power over the company, as they could decide not to sell the iPhone or put pressure on the company that forces them to pay a certain amount of their revenues to the provider. At the moment, Apple has rest ricted itself to one provider, O2, and therefore greatly depends on them selling the iPhone but this will surely change over time. Bargaining Power of Suppliers: Similarly to bargaining power of customers, there is the bargaining power of suppliers. iTunes have to submit to the requirements of the consumer market to be competitive, but on the other hand have the ability to bargain with their suppliers due to the size and reputation of the company, thus they are a supplier and a customer. Due to the volume of sales that iTunes have, it would be foolish for companies such as SonyBMG, Universal, Warner and EMI to not compromise on the costs and rights to distribute their music, as their success in the music download market highly depends on the successful distribution of their music, mainly through Apple. This fact clearly limits the bargaining power of suppliers to a certain degree, although Apple has to consider that without their music iTunes could not function as efficiently as the market demands. Therefore a compromise must arise that suits both companies, a possible agreement could be initial fees plus percen tage of sales. Intensity of Rivalry: Although the amount of companies operating in the music download market is pretty high, Apple is the clear market leader. Still the multimedia download market is a market in its growth phase with fast changing technologies and many new companies entering the market. At the moment, it seems very unlikely that a company could seriously threaten Apples market position but the company has to be aware of the fact that there are other big multinational companies trying to enter the market with new technologies and ways of offering their services. 7. The Industry Life Cycle: The multimedia download market is a market in its growth phase that is being stimulated by an increasing desire of customers to benefit from multimedia technology and services. Technical innovations are leading to an increasing number of consumers seeking to interact through the internet and to download their music. The market value of the music download market has shown very strong and is going to rise even more in the future as customers familiarise themselves more and more with the internet and are increasingly aware of innovative technologies. Especially the youth segment pays great interest to the digital download of music and holds out good prospects for long-term growth. At the same time more and more firms are entering the music download market and prices for technology and services are expected to fall. Add-driven content services and the entrance of firms offering download services from online portals directly to the mobile will bring new perspectives into the market and co nstitute a threat and a opportunity at the same time. 8. Four Links Model Lynch: Informal co-operative links: Google: There are many informal ties that form the alliance between Google and iTunes. The reasoning for the alliance has long been speculated and many believe it is to overthrow the dominant leader in the market; Microsoft. With Google developing an Office type package and Apple inc. already having an operating system well established, an alliance could be the key to outsmarting Microsoft and decrease their market share. The main features that form the alliance are as follows: Google currently have a video application that has been made available for users to browse freely but cannot download from. Therefore a link to the iTunes website where consumers can download the video can be made available. The link is perfect because customers can view on Google Video and then download from iTunes if they wish. iTunes can be integrated into the Google toolbar or software pack. Also, Google have a sponsored search for the iTunes website where users are directed to the iTunes website and a sma ll fee is provided to Google from the company for the service. CEO of Google Eric Schmidt is currently sitting on the board of Directors for Apple inc. due to the past possible development of the Google iPhone, but this development never really took off. However, he has said recently that Apple and Google are doing more and more things together and there is a possible tablet style personal computer on the horizon. We have similar goals and similar competitors. Though there is no formal agreement or alliance yet. Starbucks: Currently only available in the USA, when in a Starbucks Coffee Shop, any iPod touch, iPhone or PC with iTunes on can connect to the iTunes website for free. There is a Starbucks option on the webpage that can allow you to see the current song that is playing and also the last 10 tracks played. Songs can be previewed and downloaded and will automatically sync to your PC when next connected. This is convenient for the customer and benefits both Starbucks and Apple. Formal co-operative links: Nike: Bringing sports and music together, Apple and Nike have produced the Nike+iPod which is designed to give the ultimate workout experience. In order to benefit from this, the customer must own a pair of Nike+ trainers (Nike+Air Zoom Moire), an iPod and the Nike+iPod sport kit which is what connects the trainers to the iPod. It is connected via wireless receivers. The idea was realised when Apple CEO Steve Jobs conducted research that showed 50% of the 50 million who bought iPods last year used them during a workout. Both companies define their core markets by lifestyle, (Kraft, 2006). Nikes target audience a sports culture and for Apples target audience it is the creativity culture. Both have come together to create a new profile, thus being the lifestyle and technology that has founded the partnership. The two huge brands have come together to create a fusion brand that will attract massive attention. Coca-Cola: Coca-Cola and iTunes teamed up to promote the release of a coke branded music website that had iTunes services integrated into the website. The website would be available across Europe and allow viewers to see the latest up and coming artists and to download podcasts from iTunes. Were excited to announce this partnership with AppleTogether we are creating a unique and exciting platform that gives young people a voice and allows them to refresh their music experience every day. (Dominique Reiniche, president of Coca-Cola European Union Group, 2006) 70 million free songs would be downloaded from iTunes in the promotion due to special codes printed on coke bottles. The strategic decision was made by Coca-Cola to join with iTunes because of the failure of its own digital downloading website MyCokeMusic, which lost out to iTunes quite badly. The alliance means that Coca-Cola can sell music but it is only iPod compatible due to DRM restrictive measures. Network Operators:Apples strategy was potentially to play the network operators off each other to ensure they got the best deal possible. Apple decided to go for the biggest operators in each of the countrys that they were supplying the phone in: UK O2; France Orange; Germany T-Mobile. O2 secured their deal by offering 40% of any revenues made from the iPhone and possibly more in commission and other areas. The tactics employed have left Apple highly unfavourable with other Network operators. (Wray, 2007) Complementors: It is the complementors who add the value to a company without there actually being agreements or strict negotiations. Companies such as SonyBMG, EMI, Universal and Warner all benefit iTunes because obviously if it wasnt for these companies iTunes would not function as well as it does and would not generate anywhere near the amount of money that it currently does. Ultimately, Steve Jobs listened to the concerns that music companies had regarding illegal downloading, piracy etc. He came up with the idea for iTunes and this was basically an external source for music companies to make money in the digital downloading industry with minimal effort. It wasnt strictly a way of how it would help Apple, but how it would help the music producers and the industry. Therefore the collaboration of iTunes with the big players in the music industry complemented each other. 9. SWOT-Analyses: Strengths: Apple is the clear market leader in the music downloadand steady financial performance. Revenues have grown from $5,742 million in 2002 to $19,315 million in 2006 and the companys net profit has increased from $65 million in 2002 to $1,989 million in 2006 (Datamonitor, 2007). Steady financial growth shows the good financial state of the company and builds the base for future growth and expansion. Also, the company has a very strong branding and enjoys a high level of brand recognition and brand awarness that allows the company to differentiate its offers and stimulate sales. Another strengths of the company is defined by its successful distribution of the iPod and its software iTunes. With every iPod sold, the consumer automaticaly installs iTunes on his pc, as it is only possible to download music from Apples original software to an iPod. Moreover, Apple procucts are being considered as hip, stylish and fashionable which is increasingly becoming important for consumers. F urthermore, Apple devices and software attract customers for their convinience, their ease of use and for always being up-to-date with the newest technology. Apple has also collaborated with large brand companies like Nike, Starbucks, CocaCola and Google,which has had beneficial impacts on both Apple and their partners and has created a new profile, e.g. linking sports and music culture. Weaknesses: First off all there is to say that although the interconnection between the iPod/iPhone and iTunes has been a key factor to Apples success this restriction could become a problem in the future, as more and more customers are looking for devices and online portals that allow them to download MP3s to any MP3 capable device. Moreover, Apple has only a very limited offer of DRM-Free tracks on iTunes, which can be defined as a strong weakness since an increasing number of customers fancy DRM-Free downloads. Another weakness for Apple lies in its pricing, especially for its iPhone. A Mintel research about the mobile phone market in the UK defined pricing and costs to be the most important factor when it comes to purchasing a phone (Mintel, 2007). Also, the iPhone currently doesnt allow the costumer to directly download files to the mobile, which, compared to the new Nokia N-Series, is a enormous weakness, since it could prevent customers to buy the Apple device and go for the N okia handset instead. This could lead to a loss of Apples market share to its competitor Nokia. Also, technically, the iPhone isnt quiet as good as its competitor the Nokia N95, as it runs on a slower mobile data service and comes only with a 2 Megapixel camera. Another weakness for Apple is, that theyve only chosen one operator in each country where the iPhone is available and thus has restricted the consumers choice of network operators. Threats: The comanys biggest threat probably constitutes the entrance of Nokia into the digital download market. By providing the opportunity to directly download files to a handset device, Nokia could gain some of Apples a market share in the digital download market, since customers are increasingly fancying mobile downloads that dont restrict them to a bulky pc or laptop. The mobile download market is one of the most opportunity-rich markets the world has ever seen, as Nokias Chief Executive Olli-Pekka Kallasvuo states (Halper,2007), and if Apple doesnt catch up fast on this opportunity it is running risk to loose its superiour market position to Nokia. Another threat for Apple constitutes the launch of online portals that are specialized in marketing DRM-Free tracks. More and more customers are looking for music that doesnt restrict them to a certain number of copies or to a special device as it is the case with iTunes and the iPod. Although Apple is currently trying to improve it s choice of DRM-Free tracks, it still lacks the greater choice and lower price of companies such as Amazon which could lead to custmers switching over from Apple to those in terms of DRM more convinincing sites. Also the threat of illegal download sites would have an negative impact, due to the availability of free digital content that could sway customers away from Apples iTunes. Opportunities: Although currently especially the youth customer segment is seen as the major target group for downloading, as these customers seem to be less restrictive towards new technologies, providing more substantial and sophisticated products and services for older and wealthier people could proof very profitable for Apple. With the launch of its iPhone Apple has already done an important move into the mobile phone market that might allow the company to challenge its biggest threat Nokia on their home market. As more and more customers are increasingly becoming aware of innovative techologies and of the benefits arising out of Internet downloading Apple should now take advantage of the great opportunities arising from the fast growing mobile phone download market by making its services directly downloadable to its iPhone as its rival Nokia has already done. Also, the upcoming change in the digital download industry towards ad-supported content could be an opportunity for Apple , if the company manages to strike advertising deals with companies that allow Apple to offer services for free to customers who agree to watching ads. This could bring a whole new bunch of customers to the company. Although these customers wont have to pay for the add-supported services, they will probably buy an iPod or an iPhone or another Apple hardware device. 10. 1 About Nokia: Although having its origins in the wood-pulp industry the finnish handset manufacturer Nokia has become a global leader in the manufacturing of mobiles and mobile networks and is now the market leader in the mobile phone market with 36% of the worlds market share. In 2006 the company sold 290 million units and therefore it sells more phones than its three nearest competitors combined. More recently the company has made a move into the mobile download market, which was considered by Nokias president and chief executive Olli-Pekka Kallasvuo to be one of the opportunity- rich markets of all time (Fildes, 2007), by launching its new multimedia online portal Ovi, which consists of the three components Nokia Music Store, N-Gage Service and Nokia Maps and acts as gateway for consumers to Nokia services. The company has done this as an answer to the announcement of Apple that it would launch a new iphone and therefore enter the mobile phone market, which constitutes a serious threat to the f innish handset manufacturer in its home market. Nokia is now going from a purely hardware-driven company to the service sector and is becoming a player in the multimedia solutions market. 10.2 Nokias Mission Statement: Nokia focuses on bringing people together by providing consumers with human technology that fulfills peoples need to communicate and share. Nokia aims to provide technology that is intuitive, beautiful and a joy to use. The companys strategy relies on growing, transforming and building its business to ensure its future success and it sees the internet as its main quest, due to the continously changing communications industry with the internet at the center of this transformation. The companys vision is a world where everyone can be connected. 10.3 Nokias new N-Series compared to Apples iPhone: Nokia has launched its new N-Series which consists of the totally new N81 device and an upgrated version of its flagship N95. The N81 is a music-orienated handset which enabels the consumer to directly download songs from the Nokia Music Store to the mobile. This opportunity makes the handset superior to Apples new Iphone as consumers no longer rely on a PC or iPod but can directly download their files to the mobile. The N81 has a 8GB memory with the capacity to store 6000 music tracks, which is about the same as the new Iphone, and it uses a 3G connectivity. The Apple iPhone uses a slow mobile data service called EDGE and that makes it about four times slower than the N81. The new N81 will cost about EUR 360 and is therefore slightly cheaper than the Apple iPhone which comes about EUR 399. The upgrated version of Nokias flagship N95 is being marketed as a multimedia device and could take on the highly praised iPhone. It comes with 8 GB of storage, a 2.8 inch screen and 3G connectivi ty and will feature a 5 Megapixel camera, which is a lot, compared to the rather dissapointing 2 Megapixel camera of the iPhone. The N95 costs about EUR 419 and is therefor sligthly more expensive than the iPhone. Technically the Nokia N-series appears to be better than the Apple iPhone since it offers a faster connectivity and a better camera but what makes it really superior to the iPhone is the fact, that the consumer can download files from the Nokia Music Store directly to the mobile. Still the highly anticipated iPhone looks more fashionable and its got the greater consumer attention since many costumers are already familiar with the Apple iPod and Apple iTunes and cant wait for the